Moroccan Population: Demographics, Diversity, and Growth
The Moroccan population is one of the most diverse in North Africa, shaped by centuries of history, migration, and cultural exchange. With a population of over 37 million people (2023 estimates), Morocco is home to a rich mix of Amazigh (Berber), Arab and other minority communities, making it a true cultural crossroads between Africa, Europe, and the Middle East.
Population Size and Growth
- Population (2023): Around 37 million people.
- Growth Rate: Morocco has a moderate growth rate of approximately 1% per year.
- Urban vs Rural: About 64% of Moroccans live in urban areas, while rural regions are still home to a significant part of the population.
- Major Cities: Casablanca (largest city), Rabat (capital), Fes, Marrakech, Tangier, Agadir, and Meknes.
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity
1. Amazigh (Berbers)The Amazigh (Berber) people are Morocco’s indigenous population, with their own languages (Tamazight, Tachelhit, Tarifit) and traditions. In 2011, Tamazight was recognized as an official language alongside Arabic.
2. Arabs
The majority of Moroccans are Arabized Amazigh people, reflecting the strong Arab influence since the 7th century.
3. Jewish Community
Morocco once had one of the largest Jewish populations in the Arab world. Today, a small but historic Jewish community remains, mainly in Casablanca, Fes, and Marrakech.
4. Other Minorities
Due to its location, Morocco has smaller communities of sub-Saharan Africans, Europeans, and expats, particularly in major cities.
Languages of the Moroccan Population
Morocco is a multilingual country, with several languages used in daily life:- Arabic (Darija – Moroccan dialect) is the most widely spoken.
- Tamazight (Berber) is spoken in rural and mountainous regions.
- French is used in education, government, and business.
- Spanish is spoken in northern Morocco and Western Sahara.
- English is growing, especially among the younger generation.
Religion in Morocco
Religion plays a central role in Moroccan society:- Islam: Over 99% of Moroccans are Muslim, predominantly Sunni.
- Christianity: A small minority, mostly expats and foreign residents.
- Judaism: A small but historic Jewish community continues to thrive, especially in Casablanca.
Age Distribution and Demographics
- Median Age: Around 30 years, showing a relatively young population.
- Youth Population: About one-third of Moroccans are under the age of 25.
- Life Expectancy: Over 76 years, reflecting improvements in healthcare and quality of life.
Moroccan Diaspora
Millions of Moroccans live abroad, especially in France, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Canada. The Moroccan diaspora plays a major role in the economy by sending remittances, which contribute significantly to Morocco’s GDP.Challenges and Trends
- Urbanization: Rapid growth in cities like Casablanca, Rabat, and Tangier.
- Youth Unemployment: Despite a young and growing workforce, job opportunities remain limited.
- Migration: Morocco is both a source and transit country for migration to Europe.
- Education & Literacy: Literacy rates are improving, with over 75% of the population now literate, though rural areas still face challenges.
